Energy Content of Fuels Investigation Lab Report - 1504 Words

Fuels Investigation Aim: To find out which fuel gives out the most energy. Planning We will be using 6 different fuels to heat up 100ml of water, and find out the changes of the temperature. We will measure the temperatures of the water before and after the experiment. We will burn heat the water for exactly 2 minutes, and check the changes in temperature. The change in temperature will allow us to work out the energy given off the fuel by using this formula: Mass of water x 4.2 (water’s specific heat capacity) x temperature change = energy transferred from the fuel to the water When the fuels are burnt, energy is given off. I will be calculating the energy given off using the formula above. The specific heat capacity is the energy†¦show more content†¦Types of bonding | Energy in bond (kilojoules per mole) | C – C | 348 KJ | C – H | 412 KJ | C – O | 360 KJ | C = O | 805 KJ | O – H | 463 KJ | O = O | 498 KJ | The balance equations and theoretical energy given off: - Methanol 2CH3OH + 3O2 ï‚ ® 2CO2 + 4H2O 6 x C-H (412) + 2 x C-O (360) + 3 x O-H (463) + 3 x O=O (498) ï‚ ® 4 x C=O (805) + 8 x H-O (463) = 5612 – 6924 = -1312KJ/Mole Ethanol C2H5OH + 3O2 ï‚ ® 2CO2 + 3H2O 5 x C-H (412) + C-C (348) + C-O (360) + O-H (463) + 3 x O=O (498) ï‚ ® 4 x C=O (805) + 6 X O=H (463) = 4725 – 5998 = -1273KJ/mole Propanol 2C3H7OH + 9O2 ï‚ ® 6CO2 + 8H2O 14 x C-H (412) + 4 x C-C (348) + 2 x C-O (360) + 2 x O-H (463) + 9 x O=O (498) ï‚ ® 12 x C=O (805) + 16 x O=H (463) = 13288 – 17068 = -1890KJ/mole Butanol C4H9OH + 6O2 ï‚ ® 4CO2 + 5H2O 9 x C-H (412) + 3 x C-C (348) + C-O (360) + O-H (463) + 6 x O=O (498) ï‚ ® 8 x C=O (805) + 10 x O=H (463) = 8563 – 11070 = -2507KJ/mole Pentanol 2C5H11OH + 15O2 ï‚ ® 10CO2 + 12H2O 22 x C-H (412) + 8 x C-C (348) + 2 x C-O (360) + 2 x O-H (463) + 15 x O=O (498) ï‚ ® 20 x C=O (805) + 24 x O=H (463) = 20964 – 27212 = -3124KJ/mole Hexanol C6H13OH + 9O2 ï‚ ® 6CO2 + 7H2O 13 x C-H (412) + 5 x C-C (348) + C-O (360) + O-H (463) + 9 x O=O (498) ï‚ ® 12 x C=O (805) + 14 x O=H (463) = 12401 – 16142 = -3741KJ/mole At the Left side of the equation, its show the energy (KJ/mole) taken in by the reaction,Show MoreRelatedTwo Shaft Gas Turbine Lab Report1546 Words   |  7 PagesTwo-Shaft Gas Turbine 1st Law Demonstration Lab Report CCTD101B THE UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD TOBAGO FOR: MR REAN MAHARAJ March 25, 2012 Authored by: Odia Pollard (55628) 1 Contents AIM ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 METHOD..............................................................................................................................................Read MoreBricks6391 Words   |  26 Pagesutilisation of alternative materials in the manufacture of mineral wool insulation Compiled by Dr Evaggelia Petavratzi John Barton, School of Civil Engineering University of Leeds (DEFRA Project Code WRT_177) September 2007 -2- Contents 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 4 2 The brick manufacturing sector in the UK..................................................Read MoreChemistry: Glucose and Sports Drinks2098 Words   |  9 PagesDetermination of Sugars in Sports Drinks: A Spectrophotometric Analysis By: Crystle Culling Student Number: 2686923 Class: Tuesday 12pm (odd weeks) Page | 1 1015MSC Lab Report Crystle Culling 2686923 Abstract The concentration of sugars in two well-known sports drinks, Powerade and Gatorade, were determined by monitoring an enzyme-catalysed reaction sequence involving the appearance of NADPH. Sucrose and glucose concentrations were calculated from the concentration of NADPH formed by the reactionRead MoreEngineering Disaster of TWA Flight 800 Essay3388 Words   |  14 Pagesof TWA Flight 800 TABLE OF CONTENT SUMMARY I 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 BACKGROUND 1 2.1 FLIGHT PATH 1 2.2 NTSB INVESTIGATION 1 2.3 SEQUENCE OF BRAKEUP 2 3.0 SOURCES OF IGNITION 3 3.1 JET FUEL FLAMMABILITY 4 3.1.1 FUEL CHARACTERISTICS 4 3.1.2 FUEL FLAMMABILITY IN TWA 800 4 3.2 ELECTRICAL COMPONENT FAILURES 5 4.0 SOLUTIONS 6 4.1 NITROGEN INERTING 6 4.1.1 C-17 OBIGGS NITROGEN INERTING SYSTEM 6 4.2 SAFETY FOAM 7 4.3 JET FUEL ALTERNATIVE 7 4.4 VENTED AIR GAPS ANDRead MoreThe New Zealand Dairy And Beef Industry Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesManagement and why this should be Implemented 3.3.1 Dairy and Meat Alternatives In 2013, there was a 12 per cent increase in the popularity of milk alternative products such as soy milk, coconut milk and rice milk in New Zealand according to a Sanitarium report. Almond milk, which has only been available in supermarkets for 5 years, showed a huge 143 per cent growth (Hutching, 2014). Health reasons appear to be a key driver in this shift, with lactose free, lower fat, and low calories being unique differentiatorsRead MoreBp Sustainability Essay28986 Words   |  116 PagesSustainability Review 2010 bp.com/sustainability 2 A letter from our group chief executive / 4 How BP is changing 6 Gulf of Mexico oil spill / 14 How we operate / 22 Energy future 30 Safety / 34 Environment / 38 Society Within hours of the Deepwater Horizon accident, BP teams were working to stop the leak. We also acted to minimize the spill’s impact on the environment by containing, removing and dispersing oil offshore, protecting the shoreline and cleaning up oil that came ashore. And weRead MoreUniversity of Nairobi Bsc. Civil Engineering Degree Programme Details6511 Words   |  27 Pagesvibration: Free vibrations of particles (SHM). Simple pendulum; free vibrations of rigid bodies. Heat Internal energy and temperature; phase changes of the pure substance. Isothermal and isobaric compressibility of gases, liquids and solids. Heat transfer: conduction, convention, and radiation Kinetic theory of gases: perfect gas equation; intermolecular forces, specific heats, and equipartition of energy. FCE 161 - Pure Mathematics IA (45 hrs) Numbers and Simple Functions The real number system and functions:Read More9/11 Persuasive Speech Outline4068 Words   |  17 Pagesintense heat from the jet fu el incinerated the plane. 1. However, the Armed Forces Identification DNA Lab, whose primary responsibility was to identify the victims of 9/11, was able to successfully identify 184 out of 189 bodies recovered from Flight 77. 2. Flight 77s Boeing 757 included 2 Rolls Royce engines made of Steel and Titanium which were 9 feet in diameter and 12 feet long, weighing 6 tons each a. Titanium has a melting point of 1688 degrees Celsius. b. Jet Fuel is a hydrocarbon which canRead MoreElectronic Media13295 Words   |  54 Pageshence to create new knowledge (Ginsparg, 1999).† In contrast, we examine scholarly communication systems as embedded in work organizations that produce the analyses which subsequently appear in venues such as seminars, conferences talks, articles, reports, and books. The organization of work and of access to resources to conduct research may influence the conventions about legitimate forms of scholarly communication. Communication conventions change over time. But, in this â€Å"institutional view† theyRead MoreCNPC CSR report25861 Words   |  104 Pages2012 Corporate Social Responsibility Report China National Petroleum Corporation About the Report This is China National Petroleum Corporation’s seventh annual Corporate Social Responsibility Report since 2006. This report accurately represents what we did in 2012 to honor our commitments to the economy, the environment and society. It is important that we provide the following information: Reporting company: China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) Alternative reference: China National

The Backbone Of The Characters Of Jean Paul Sartre s No Exit

The backbone of the characters in Jean-Paul Sartre’s No Exit consists of the concept of bad faith and subjection. Bad faith is essentially self-deception. Sartre views existentialism as being completely free and responsible at the same time. When one realizes his freedom, he becomes scared of his power. By deceiving oneself into thinking one is not completely free, one delves into bad faith. It can range from religion to sex to morality. Subjection is apparent as well. The play depicts three characters,Garcin, Inez, and Estelle, who have all been sent to Hell because of their crimes on the Earth. They all struggle to deal with themselves and each other in Hell. These characters are all victims of bad faith and overreliance on others for self validation. In the first place, Garcin is a victim of bad faith in many circumstances. Garcin treats his wife poorly, although that is not what makes him succumb to bad faith; it is the reasons for his treatment towards his wife. He specifically explains that it was easy to abuse his wife because of her martyred look. He calls her a â€Å"victim by vocation† (Sartre 14). He gives his wife the role of a martyr and, in his eyes, that is all she is. Confining people to a role is practicing bad faith, whether it is defining others or oneself. By giving his wife a title, Garcin is turning her into an object rather than acknowledge her as a person. He is tricking himself into thinking his wife is an object, an act of self-deception. In the same

Project Management Of Software Engineering - 1721 Words

Introduction Project management is a tool that the organization can use to eliminate waste, increase capacity, or increase positioning in the market place. Project Management is a broad topic. The methodology has been around for many years. During the last twenty years, the Agile methodology was introduced to project management. In the last ten years, maturity of the merged agile methodology and project management occurred. In this paper, we will explore the project management of software engineering, specifically Agile project management. Agile project management – or simply agile --- combines the flexibility and responsiveness of agile with the clearly defined framework of project management. The agile project management approach†¦show more content†¦Under traditional project management methodology, software projects failed because the solution did not satisfy customer requirements for scope, time, cost, quality and resources. Traditional project management methodology is focused on the sequential lifecycle of a project, referred to as â€Å"waterfall.† Waterfall projects are common in the construction of infrastructure, examples are construction of a bridge, electrical substation or a highway. The waterfall project team members query stakeholders about requirements and then build the solution. For software projects, the waterfall methodology resulted in risks to the project. ... it runs the risk that when the project nears its end, certain components will not work together or, worse still, w ill not meet the current needs of the business, which may have shifted during the development process (Kenealy, 2009). The Project Management Institute (PMI) publishes the Project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBOK). The PMBOK defines 44 processes that illustrate the project life cycle. The processes are structured into 9 knowledge areas and 5 process groups. Software developers found that the PMBOK processes were not as xxxxxx. The Scrum approach to agile software development marks a dramatic departure from waterfall management. Scrum and other agile methods were inspired by its shortcomings. Agile methodologies were created to create introduce ease andShow MoreRelatedProposal Of Accounting Center Of Xxx Aviation1052 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional industry when integrate the engineering project management. In this paper, we analyze the case of Accounting Center of Xxx Aviation, study succeeding experience of soft industry, and combine the organizational character of Chinese corporation. We draw a conclusion which has three aspects: establishing the manage system based on project, establishing modern manage ideology like human-center, promoting the standardization and systematism of soft engineering project managing in Chinese traditionalRead MoreSoftware Engineering Project Failure889 Words   |  4 PagesThis report is about software engineering project failures. In this report, I will first examine the importance of a good software engineering manager to a project. Then, I will identify major reasons for software engineering project fails within the software industry. At last, some suggestion about reducing project failure rates according to the knowledge and best practices will be provided. Manager is essential to software engineering project There are nine project management knowledge areas: integrationRead MoreBusiness Strategy Towards Global Education1234 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology division were technology operations, software engineering, quality engineering, project management and architecture. The background of the leaders was from software engineering, quality, and operations; none of the leaders had deep experience with quality, project management or architecture. The leaders chose to narrow the reorganization efforts to technology operations, software engineering and quality engineering. They left project management and architecture roles outside of the effortsRead MoreCompetency : Competency Element A Brief Summary1360 Words   |  6 Pagesand the engineering fundamentals applicable to the engineering discipline I used my basic design knowledge for designing of the hydraulic filter. Furthermore my knowledge about testing and FEA helped me in the analysis and testing phase. My understanding of the combination of the selected parts behaviour using geometry design and material used to produce specific object attributes. My Knowledge in Product Design and load analysis knowledge helped me to successfully complete this project. C.ERead MoreQuestions On Knowledge Management And Software Engineering Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesREVIEW OF â€Å"KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING† CHIKE CYRIL AMAEFULE Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD4222, Australia This paper presents a review of an advanced topic in engineering management. It should consist of one paragraph giving a concise summary of the material in the article below. Replace the title, authors, and addresses with your own title, authors, and addresses. You may have as many authors and addresses as you like. It is preferable notRead MoreSoftware System Research Paper1381 Words   |  6 PagesManaging the development of major software systems and estimating the cost of that development have always been difficult, but they can be especially challenging in dynamic and continuously evolving government environments. At the same time, advances in computer power, computational analysis, and engineering methodologies are transforming the way new systems are developed. Project managers, designers and engineers face enormous challenges to develop, test, and build products on-time and on-budgetRead MoreHello World687 Words   |  3 Pagesproduct, project, and process. The people are the project stakeholders. The stake holders can consists of the business manager, the project manager, programmers, development team, and end users. The business management normally consists of senior management (VP, President) and marketing (product manager). The project managers are responsible for tracking and controlling the progress of the project. Software engineers are responsible for developing and maintaining the software. Software developmentRead MoreSoftware Engineering Frameworks And Methodologies1528 Words   |  7 PagesCIS 4655 Software Engineering Term Paper on Software Engineering Frameworks and Methodologies By Damancharla Harini 1. Introduction: Describing software engineering can be a quite challenging task based on the purpose of the definition and the anticipated beneficiaries. Discussing about frameworks and methodologies in software engineering can be somewhat difficult under whatever circumstances because of various ways in which the issues regarding frameworks, processes and methodologiesRead MoreThe Development Of Software Development782 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction In today’s software development, quality is a significant factor of software projects. Companies always expect that software developers could deliver a product with as many as possible demanded quality. How to allocate those limited resources transparently and effectively during the quality assurance activities and how to balance the risk and quality while software development? Current methods indicate us that we need to mitigate quality risks and emphasize the constraints of limitedRead MoreThe Implementation Of Knowledge Management1400 Words   |  6 PagesComparative review: Knowledge management is one of the key enabling technologies of distributed engineering enterprises. It including a wide range of organisational management and technologically oriented approaches that expand the utilization of an organisations ideational assets. Knowledge management approaches may be split into personalization approaches that confirm communication, human recourse and codification approaches that confirm the gathering and organisation of knowledge. This singularity

The Relationship Between America and England free essay sample

Once the colonies finally took root, Britain stepped back and demanded no money from them through taxes or debt, although its native citizens paid taxes regularly. However, over the course of the French and Indian War, Britain racked up a huge debt, and because the initial fighting took place in North America, defending the American lands from the French, Britain felt it logical and necessary to ask taxes of the growing nation. These included the Stamp Act In 1765 and the Revenue Act of 1767. However, the colonies reacted violently.After the Stamp Act required the colonies to pay extra for all paper goods, Hated Stamp cartoons appeared in colonial newspapers that depicted the British seal as a skull and cross-bones. This symbol of death represented how threatened the colonies felt by the constricting tax. It also inspired the Stamp Act Resolutions of 1765, a response from the colonies to the crown that explained their displeasure at being subject to taxes on which they had no say. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between America and England or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Resolutions demanded the repeal of the Stamp Act and the repeal of any other acts restricting American commerce In any way.The Acts, an attempt to avoid colonial anger by utilizing external axes to raise revenue, tried to explain to the necessity of British taxes: it is expedient theta revenue should be raised, in your Majestys dominions in America, for making a more certain and adequate provision for defraying the charge of the administration of Justice, and the support of civil government And towards further defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the said dominions ( Revenue Act). Still, the colonies reacted negatively. Massachusetts in particular circulated a letter trying to create unity among the colonies concerning the British taxes, which included the text, This House further re of opinion, that their constituents, considering their local circumstances, cannot, by any possibility, be represented in the Parliament; and that it will forever be impracticable, that they should be equally represented there, and consequently, not at all; being separated by an ocean of a thousand leagues (Massachusetts Circulation Letter).Where previously the colonies demanded a repeal of all taxes, this document shows that they later came to the conclusion that British taxing was inevitable and that American participation in the British parliament was nigh possible, and became an unrealized argument for American independence. Before, the colonies relied on Britain economically; afterwards, they found it Impossible to stand British control over American finances. Moreover, the w ar also oppression. Before the French and Indian War, the British monarchy ruled America, but due to the distance between them, America began forming its own local governments.These were much more democratic than their British counterparts. As America grew and encountered struggles that challenged the entire nation, they felt the need for a stronger central power on their own continent. Therefore, the prominent statesman Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union, writing It is proposed that humble application be made for an act of Parliament of Great Britain, by virtue of which one general government may be formed in America, including all the said colonies, within and under which government each colony may retain its present constitution (Benjamin Franklin). This plan was rejected by the individual colonies for proposing too weak a government and rejected by the British crown for proposing too strong a government, a direct conflict of interests that was previously nonexistent. Its author later reflected, On reflection it now seems probable, that if the foregoing Plan or some thing like it, had been adopted and carried into Execution, the subsequent Separation of the Colonies from the Mother Country might not so soon have happened. .. (Benjamin Franklin), showing how important this political clash turned out to be. There was also much British legislation that angered the colonists in much the same way as the British taxation. In 1765, Britain passed the Quartering Act, which required colonists to welcome British soldiers into their homes and provide them with food and lodging as long as was necessary. The colonists disliked this because it forced them to foot the bill for the soldiers lodging, and they refused to listen.In response, the British crown suspended the New York Assembly, saying, In order therefore to enforce, within the said province of New York, the supplying of his Majestys troops with the necessaries and in the manner required by the said acts of parliament. .. Be it enacted. That from and after. .. [October l, 1767,] It shall not be lawful .. . (Parliament Suspends he New York Assembly).Around this time, colonial newspapers reprinted Benjamin Franklins famous Join or Die political cartoon, which warns the colonies that if they do not band together, they will be crushed by an overbearing power from overseas. These events show the disintegrating British control over American colonies and the gradually shifting colonial desire for independence from the crown and a central American power to govern themselves. In conclusion, the French and Indian War was a major catalyst in shifting the relationship between America and Britain both politically and economically.